The Mechanism of Textile Antistatic

The static electricity on the surface of an insulator can be eliminated through three ways:

(1) Disappearance through air (fog);

(2) Disappearance along the surface;

(3) Disappearance through the body of an insulator.

Eliminating static electricity through air mainly relies on charged particles with opposite symbols flying in the air to neutralize the static electricity on the surface of the insulator or allow charged particles to gain kinetic energy and fly away. Using the principle of cutting-edge discharge, a high-voltage corona type electrostatic eliminator has been developed and applied in chemical fiber production.

The speed at which static electricity disappears along the surface of an insulator depends on the magnitude of the surface resistivity of the insulator. Increasing the humidity of the air can form a continuous water film on the surface of hydrophilic insulators, coupled with the dissolution of CO2 and other impurities in the air, greatly improving surface conductivity. A further method is to use antistatic agents, mainly ionic or non ionic surfactants.

The leakage rate of static electricity through the insulator body mainly depends on the electrical resistivity of the insulator. Generally speaking, when the polymer electrical resistivity is less than 10 ^ 7 Ω · m, the static charge generated will quickly leak out. The most convenient method to improve the volume conductivity of polymers is to add carbon black, metal powder, or conductive fibers.

Fiber polymer materials are theoretically superior to insulators, but the actual conductivity of fibers is higher than theoretical estimates, because fibers are not pure polymer materials and contain low molecular weight substances such as water and impurities. In other words, fiber conductivity mainly depends on the appendages in the fibers, and secondly is related to the conductivity of fiber molecules themselves and the effects of external conditions. In the case of high conductivity of easily ionized substances on the surface and high partial pressure of water vapor, the conductivity of fibers will be greatly improved.

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